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- WORLD, Page 36Cuba: Moscow's Cheap Date
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- In a speech to NATO ministers in Copenhagen last week,
- Secretary of State James Baker asked why the Soviets, if they
- are so hard pressed, keep sending billions of dollars in aid to
- Cuba. The answer is that Moscow's aid is not what it used to be.
- In decades past, the Soviet Union provided Cuba with 90% of its
- oil at rates well below the world price and threw in extra
- supplies for the Cubans to resell for hard currency. Moscow also
- bought Cuban sugar at three to five times the world levels and
- supplied military hardware free. The total package used to be
- worth at least $5 billion a year.
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- Those days are gone with perestroika. Like its trade with
- the former Comecon countries of Eastern Europe, Moscow's deals
- with Havana are now on a hard-currency basis at prevailing
- world prices. Under a 1991 agreement worth $3.8 billion, the
- Soviet Union is to deliver 70 million bbl. of oil to Cuba and,
- in exchange, receive 4 million tons of sugar, plus citrus fruit,
- nickel and medical supplies.
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- Though the bookkeeping is in dollars, the deal is still
- mainly barter, and prices are adjusted by exchanging different
- quantities. For example, the Soviets now pay 18 instead of 27
- bbl. of oil for a ton of Cuban sugar. Moscow still delivers
- military and industrial equipment free, but no one is quite sure
- what it is worth. Western intelligence agencies price it at
- about $1 billion a year, but as Cuba's Deputy Foreign Minister,
- Jose Raul Viera, once described it, the equipment is "junk no
- one buys."
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- Anatoly Bekarevich, vice president of the Latin America
- Institute in Moscow, says it is "a great fantasy" to think aid
- to Cuba has much effect on the Soviet economy. "What we give
- Cuba is a drop in the sea," he says. It is also apparently
- beyond the Soviet Union's present capabilities. Last year Moscow
- promised to deliver 100 million bbl. of oil but managed only 70
- million. For 1991 the Soviets are to match the 70 million, but
- Cuban trade experts doubt it will happen. "We can no longer
- count on them," says a senior official in Havana.
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- After dismantling most of the Soviet empire around the
- world, Gorbachev is reluctant to offer ammunition to his
- hard-line opponents at home by cutting ties to Cuba. With its
- listening post in Lourdes, the island continues to offer some
- strategic value to Moscow, though satellites and the end of the
- East-West cold war have diminished its importance.
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- Anticipating that Soviet largesse will eventually dry up
- altogether, the Cubans have begun to look elsewhere for help.
- Thanks to a law on joint ventures, West Europeans are pouring
- millions of dollars into the Cuban tourist industry, building
- luxury oceanside hotels. The Soviets now tell the U.S. that the
- sooner it lifts its trade embargo against Cuba, the sooner pere
- stroika and demokratizatsiya will arrive on the island.
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